These pages are provided to the IOCD to assist in capacity building in chemical education. 05/05/2013
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The previous discussion has focused on the carbon framework that characterizes organic compounds, and has provided a set of nomenclature rules that, with some modification, apply to all such compounds. An introduction to functional group nomenclature was limited to carbon-carbon double and triple bonds, as well as simple halogen groups. There are, however, many other functional groups that are covered by the IUPAC nomenclature system. A summary of some of these groups and the characteristic nomenclature terms for each is presented in the following table. Specific examples of their nomenclature will be provided as the chemistry of each group is discussed.
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Note that only one functional group suffix, other than "ene" and "yne", may be used in a given name. The following table gives the priority order of suffix carrying groups in arriving at a IUPAC name. When a compound contains more than one kind of group in this list, the principal characteristic group is the one nearest the top. All other groups are then cited as prefixes.
1. Acids (in the order COOH, C(O)O2H; then their S and Se derivatives, followed by sulfonic, sulfinic, selenonic, etc., phosphonic, arsonic, etc., acids) 2. Anhydrides 3. Esters 4. Acid halides 5. Amides 6. Hydrazides 7. Imides 8. Nitriles 9. Aldehydes, followed by thioaldehydes & selenoaldehydes 10. Ketones, followed by thioketones & selenoketones 11. Alcohols and Phenols, followed by thiols & selenols 12. Hydroperoxides, followed by thiohydroperoxides & selenohydroperoxides 13. Amines 14. Imines 15. Hydrazines, Phosphanes, etc. 16. Ethers followed by sulfides & selenides 1. Peroxides, followed by disulfides & diselenides |
This page is the property of William Reusch.
Comments, questions and errors should
be sent to whreusch@msu.edu.
These pages are provided to the IOCD to assist in capacity building in chemical education. 05/05/2013
Several methods of naming lactones have been used. Four of these are illustrated below.
tetrahydro-2-furanone | 2-methyl-l-4-butenolide | γ-valerolactone | 1,5-dioxacyclooctane-2,6-dione |
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This page is the property of William Reusch.
Comments, questions and errors should
be sent to whreusch@msu.edu.
These pages are provided to the IOCD to assist in capacity building in chemical education. 05/05/2013