Solvents

This page has tables of data for aprotic solvents and protic solvents.

Aprotic Solvents^a

Name (abbrev.)
Formula
Mol.Wt.
e
b.p.^b
m.p.
density^c
Ref. Index^c

perfluorohexane

CF₃(CF₂)₄CF₃

338

59 °C

-4 °C

1.669

1.2515

a,a,a-trifluorotoluene

CF₃-C₆H₅

146.1

103°

-29°

1.189

1.4140

pentane (Pent)

CH₃(CH₂)₃CH₃

72.2

1.84

36 °

-130 °

0.626

1.3575

hexane (Hex)

CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃

86.2

1.88

69°

-95°

0.659

1.3749

cyclohexane (Cy)

C₆H₁₂

84.2

2.02

81°

6.5°

0.779

1.4262

methylcyclohexane

CH₃-C₆H₁₁

98.2

2.02

101°

-127°

0.769

1.4231

decalin [c + t]

C₁₀H₁₈

138.3

2.15

192°

-124°

0.887

1.4758

dioxane

C₄H₈O₂

88.1

2.21

101°

11.8°

1.034

1.4224

carbon tetrachloride

CCl₄

153.8

2.24

77°

-23°

1.584

1.4164

freon-11

CFCl₃

137.4

2.28

24°

-111°

1.494

1.3821

benzene (PhH)

C₆H₆

78.1

2.28

80°

5.5°

0.879

1.5011

toluene

CH₃蠠₆H₅

92.1

2.38

111°

-95°

0.867

1.4970

triethyl amine

(C₂H₅)₃N

101.2

2.42

90°

-115°

0.728

1.4010

carbon disulfide

CS₂

76.1

2.64

46°

-112°

1.270

1.6280

diisopropyl ether

[(CH₃)₂CH]₂O

102.2

3.88

68°

-86°

0.724

1.3681

diethyl ether (ether)

(C₂H₅)₂O

74.1

4.34

35°

-116°

0.713

1.3524

t-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)

(CH₃)₃COCH₃

88.2

55°

-109°

0.740

1.3686

chloroform

CHCl₃

119.4

4.81

61°

-64°

1.480

1.4429

ethyl acetate

CH₃CO₂C₂H₅

88.1

6.02

77°

-84°

0.901

1.3724

1,2-dimethoxyethane (glyme)

CH₃OCH₂CH₂OCH₃

90.1

7.20

84°

-58°

0.867

1.3800

2-methoxyethyl ether (diglyme)

(CH₃OCH₂CH₂)₂O

134.2

160°

-68°

0.944

1.4097

tetrahydrofuran (THF)

C₄H₈O

72.1

7.58

66°

-109°

0.889

1.4072

methylene chloride

CH₂Cl₂

84.9

8.93

40°

-95°

1.317

1.4242

pyridine (Py)

C₅H₅N

79.1

12.4

115°

-42°

0.983

1.5102

2-butanone (MEK)

CH₃COC₂H₅

72.1

18.5

80°

-87°

0.805

1.3788

acetone

CH₃COCH₃

58.1

20.7

56°

-95°

0.790

1.3587

hexamethylphosphoramide

C₆H₁₈N₃PO

179.2

30.0

235°

7°

1.028

1.4588

N-methylpyrrolidinone

C₆H₉NO

99.1

32.0

202°

-24°

1.028

1.4700

nitromethane

CH₃NO₂

61.0

35.9

101°

-29°

1.138

1.3812

dimethylformamide

HCON(CH₃)₂

73.1

36.7

153°

-60°

0.949

1.4305

acetonitrile

CH₃CN

41.1

37.5

82°

-44°

0.782

1.3441

sulfolane

C₄H₈SO₂

120.2

43.3

287°

28.5°

1.262

1.4820

dimethyl sulfoxide

(CH₃)₂SO

78.1

46.7

189°

18.5°

1.096

1.4783

propylene carbonate

C₄H₆O₃

102.1

64

240°

-55°

1.189

1.4210

a) listed by increasing
dielectric constant e

(b) boiling point at 760 torr

(c) most values for 20 °C

Organic Chemistry
Michigan State University

**Aprotic Solvents**^a
Name (abbrev.)	Formula	Mol.Wt.	e	b.p.^b	m.p.	density^c	Ref. Index^c
perfluorohexane	CF₃(CF₂)₄CF₃	338		59 °C	-4 °C	1.669	1.2515
a,a,a-trifluorotoluene	CF₃-C₆H₅	146.1		103°	-29°	1.189	1.4140
pentane (Pent)	CH₃(CH₂)₃CH₃	72.2	1.84	36 °	-130 °	0.626	1.3575
hexane (Hex)	CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃	86.2	1.88	69°	-95°	0.659	1.3749
cyclohexane (Cy)	C₆H₁₂	84.2	2.02	81°	6.5°	0.779	1.4262
methylcyclohexane	CH₃-C₆H₁₁	98.2	2.02	101°	-127°	0.769	1.4231
decalin [c + t]	C₁₀H₁₈	138.3	2.15	192°	-124°	0.887	1.4758
dioxane	C₄H₈O₂	88.1	2.21	101°	11.8°	1.034	1.4224
carbon tetrachloride	CCl₄	153.8	2.24	77°	-23°	1.584	1.4164
freon-11	CFCl₃	137.4	2.28	24°	-111°	1.494	1.3821
benzene (PhH)	C₆H₆	78.1	2.28	80°	5.5°	0.879	1.5011
toluene	CH₃蠠₆H₅	92.1	2.38	111°	-95°	0.867	1.4970
triethyl amine	(C₂H₅)₃N	101.2	2.42	90°	-115°	0.728	1.4010
carbon disulfide	CS₂	76.1	2.64	46°	-112°	1.270	1.6280
diisopropyl ether	[(CH₃)₂CH]₂O	102.2	3.88	68°	-86°	0.724	1.3681
diethyl ether (ether)	(C₂H₅)₂O	74.1	4.34	35°	-116°	0.713	1.3524
t-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)	(CH₃)₃COCH₃	88.2		55°	-109°	0.740	1.3686
chloroform	CHCl₃	119.4	4.81	61°	-64°	1.480	1.4429
ethyl acetate	CH₃CO₂C₂H₅	88.1	6.02	77°	-84°	0.901	1.3724
1,2-dimethoxyethane (glyme)	CH₃OCH₂CH₂OCH₃	90.1	7.20	84°	-58°	0.867	1.3800
2-methoxyethyl ether (diglyme)	(CH₃OCH₂CH₂)₂O	134.2		160°	-68°	0.944	1.4097
tetrahydrofuran (THF)	C₄H₈O	72.1	7.58	66°	-109°	0.889	1.4072
methylene chloride	CH₂Cl₂	84.9	8.93	40°	-95°	1.317	1.4242
pyridine (Py)	C₅H₅N	79.1	12.4	115°	-42°	0.983	1.5102
2-butanone (MEK)	CH₃COC₂H₅	72.1	18.5	80°	-87°	0.805	1.3788
acetone	CH₃COCH₃	58.1	20.7	56°	-95°	0.790	1.3587
hexamethylphosphoramide	C₆H₁₈N₃PO	179.2	30.0	235°	7°	1.028	1.4588
N-methylpyrrolidinone	C₆H₉NO	99.1	32.0	202°	-24°	1.028	1.4700
nitromethane	CH₃NO₂	61.0	35.9	101°	-29°	1.138	1.3812
dimethylformamide	HCON(CH₃)₂	73.1	36.7	153°	-60°	0.949	1.4305
acetonitrile	CH₃CN	41.1	37.5	82°	-44°	0.782	1.3441
sulfolane	C₄H₈SO₂	120.2	43.3	287°	28.5°	1.262	1.4820
dimethyl sulfoxide	(CH₃)₂SO	78.1	46.7	189°	18.5°	1.096	1.4783
propylene carbonate	C₄H₆O₃	102.1	64	240°	-55°	1.189	1.4210

**Protic Solvents**^a
Name (abbrev.)	Formula	Mol.Wt.	e	b.p.^b	m.p.	density^c	Ref. Index^c
propionic acid	CH₃CH₂CO₂H	74.1	3.44	141 °C	-21 °C	0.993	1.3865
diethyl amine	(CH₃CH₂)₂NH	73.1	3.58	55°	-50°	0.707	1.3854
butyl amine	CH₃(CH₂)₃NH₂	73.1	4.88	77°	-49°	0.739	1.4014
propyl amine	CH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂	59.1	5.31	49°	-83°	0.717	1.3882
acetic acid	CH₃CO₂H	60.1	6.15	118°	17°	1.049	1.3719
trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)	CF₃CO₂H	114.0	8.55	72°	-15°	1.489	1.2850
phenol	C₆H₅OH	94.1	9.78	182°	41°	1.054	1.4746
isopropyl alcohol	(CH₃)₂CHOH	60.1	19.9	82°	-88°	0.785	1.3772
ammonia (anhyd.)	NH₃	17.0	22.4	-33°	-78°	0.685	1.325
ethanol (ethyl alcohol)	CH₃CH₂OH	46.1	24.6	78°	-114°	0.789	1.3614
2,2,2-trifluoroethanol	CF₃CH₂OH	100	26.5	79°	-44°	1.393	1.2907
methyl alcohol	CH₃OH	32.0	32.7	65°	-98°	0.791	1.3284
ethylene glycol	HOCH₂CH₂OH	62.1	37.7	197°	-13°	1.114	1.4318
glycerol	HOCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH	92.1	42.5	290°	18°	1.261	1.4746
formic acid	HCO₂H	46.0	58.5	101°	8.3°	1.220	1.3714
water	H₂O	18.0	80.2	100°	0.0°	0.998	1.3330
formamide	HCONH₂	45.0	109	211°	2.6°	1.133	1.4475

a) listed by increasing
dielectric constant e

(b) boiling point at 760 torr

Organic Chemistry
Michigan State University

NCMS Solvent
Database